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Objective:Molecular targeted drugs have been widely used in clinical application which has successfully prolonged some patients'life.Meanwhile,molecular targeted drug therapy for esophageal cancer are attracting more and more attention from doctors and experts.However,little study has been done towards the effect of this approach for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.This paper,therefore,intends to explore the possibilities of applying EGFR-TKI inhibitors or anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by studying the mutations of EGFR,K-ras and B-raf in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues.Methods:Thirty-five cases of resected specimens of diagnosed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with complete clinical and pathological data from January to April 2009 were collected.Pyrophosphate was used for observing the mutations of EGFR,K-ras and B-raf in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues.Results:Examinations were undertaken respectively to the codon segment 746-754 of exon 19 in EGFR genes,codon 12 and 13 in K-ras genes as well as condon 600 in B-raf genes.No mutation was found in EGFR and B-raf genes with mutation rate 0% (0/35),all of codon 12 in K-ras genes were wild-type without any mutation,while 2 specimens of codon 13 had mutations with mutation rate of 5.71% (2/35).Conclusion:In treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients,all K-ras genes are expressed as wild type due to low mutation rate; cetuximab is effective due to low mutation rate of B-raf while EGFR-TKI inhibitor will not be effective enough because of low mutation rate of EGFR genes.