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目的比较寄宿制与非寄宿制学校水痘疫情的流行病学特征,为预防水痘在校园内流行,制定科学有效的预防控制措施提供依据。方法在杭州市区随机抽取六所中学,分别为三所寄宿制高中和三所非寄宿制高中,应用描述流行病学方法,对寄宿制中学与非寄宿制中学的水痘疫情相关信息进行比较。结果 2007—2011学年六所学校共发生231例水痘,寄宿制学校水痘病例共184例,占被调查学校水痘病例总数的79.65%;非寄宿制学校水痘病例共47例,占被调查学校水痘病例总数的20.35%。结论群体生活、密切接触是水痘流行的重要元素,寄宿制学校存在更大危险因素。学校可通过健康教育、早期诊断、及时报告疫情、隔离患者和密切接触者、通风消毒和采取免疫预防等综合性措施来预防水痘在校园内流行。
Objective To compare the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox epidemics in boarding and non-boarding schools, and to provide a basis for the prevention of chickenpox epidemics on campus and the development of scientific and effective preventive and control measures. Methods Six secondary schools were randomly selected in Hangzhou urban area, which were three boarding high schools and three non-boarding high schools respectively. Epidemiological methods were used to compare the information about the epidemic situation of chickenpox in boarding schools and non-boarding schools. Results A total of 231 chickenpox cases were reported in six schools during the 2007-2011 academic year. 184 chickenpox cases were found in boarding schools, accounting for 79.65% of the total number of chickenpox cases in the surveyed schools. There were 47 cases of chickenpox in non-boarding schools, accounting for 18 cases of chickenpox in the surveyed schools 20.35% of the total. Conclusions Group life and close contact are important elements of the prevalence of chicken pox. Boarding schools have a greater risk factor. Schools can prevent the spread of chickenpox on campus through health education, early diagnosis, timely reporting of outbreaks, isolation of patients and close contacts, ventilation and disinfection, and immunoprophylaxis.