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对波音(Boeing)与空客(Airbus)2种飞机在降落阶段中驾驶舱自动化所诱发的显性人为差错进行对比分析。针对美国航空航天局(NASA)航空安全自愿报告系统(ASRS)收集的人为差错事件,结合内容分析法将定性的事件描述转换成定量数据,然后从专业角度对飞行员主动报告的事件原因进行分析,并推论事件发生的环境等因素。结果表明,空客在降落阶段所产生的与自动化系统有关的人为差错数量多于波音;但是就飞行机组决策与违规类型的差错而言,波音多于空客。同时,机组资源管理对2种机型飞行员的决策与技能型差错的发生并无显著影响。研究表明高科技的自动化系统能有效提升飞行安全,但也会衍生出新的人-机交互方面的人为差错问题。
The contrastive analysis of dominant human errors induced by cockpit automation in the landing phase of two kinds of Boeing and Airbus aircraft was carried out. According to the anthropological error events collected by NASA’s voluntary aviation safety reporting system (ASRS), the qualitative event description is converted into quantitative data by content analysis, and then the causes of events reported by pilots are analyzed from a professional point of view. And infer the circumstances of the incident and other factors. The results showed that Airbus generated more man-made errors related to the automation system during the landing phase than did Boeing; however, Boeing was more frequent than Airbus in terms of flight crew decision-making and type of violations. In the meantime, unit resource management has no significant effect on the decision-making and skill-based error occurrence of the two pilots. Research shows that high-tech automation systems can effectively improve flight safety, but also lead to new man-machine interaction problems.