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虚无主义是在现代哲学中占据核心位置的重大课题,也是马克思哲学极为关切的理论话题。马克思在同施蒂纳等青年黑格尔派思想搏斗的过程中首次遭遇了虚无主义,意识到施蒂纳的“无”在宗教批判中的软弱无力。从对宗教和形而上学的批判转向对现实历史的政治经济学批判,马克思再次与虚无主义相遇。此时的马克思把现代人价值虚无主义的命运归因于资本的逻辑。而诉诸于对资本逻辑的批判,马克思为克服价值虚无主义提供了现实的道路。重思马克思在其思想发展历程中与虚无主义的相遇,对于当代人的精神家园的重建,具有重大的启示意义。
Nihilism is a major issue that occupies a central place in modern philosophy and is also a topic of great concern to Marxist philosophy. For the first time, Marx suffered nihilism in wrestling with young Hegelians such as Stina and realized that Stirden’s “nothing ” was weak in religious criticism. From the critique of religion and metaphysics to the criticism of political economy toward the reality of history, Marx met Nihilism again. Marx at this time attributed the fate of modern nihilism to the logic of capital. By resorting to the critique of the logic of capital, Marx provides a realistic path to overcome the nihilistic value. Re-thinking Marx’s encounter with nihilism in the course of its ideological development has great enlightenment for the reconstruction of the spiritual home of contemporary people.