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目的:通过对不同斜坡训练模式效果进行实证,意在寻求最佳斜坡超速训练方法,并揭示其相应的生物力学机制。方法:参与本次实验对象训练前均未进行过专门的短跑训练,受试者被随机均分成5组,实验时间为8周,并对训练前后进行运动学、生理学等相关指标测试。结果与结论:上-下坡、下坡及水平训练都能提升最大速度、加快步频、缩短单步时间,而单步时间缩短是通过缩短支撑时间实现的,腾空时间几乎不变,支撑时间的缩短又是通过缩短蹬伸时间而缓冲时间几乎没变;上-下坡及下坡训练法能显著提升6 s最大无氧功率,但上-下坡训练法是唯一能明显缩短受试者达到最大无氧功率的耗时,因而对提升最大跑速最有利,而最大跑速与短跑成绩呈显著正相关;上-下坡训练法对提高受试者最大跑速及相关运动学参量比其它方法更有效,短距离运动项目要想提升最大跑速,建议使用这个方法。
OBJECTIVE: Through the demonstration of the effect of different slope training modes, it is intended to find out the best method of slope over-speed training and to reveal its corresponding biomechanical mechanism. Methods: All the subjects participated in the training before sprint training. The subjects were randomly divided into five groups and the experiment time was 8 weeks. The indexes of exercise and physiology before and after training were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Up-downhill, downhill and level training can increase the maximum speed, speed up the pace and shorten the single-step time. Shortening the single-step time is achieved by shortening the support time, while the emptying time is almost unchanged. The support time Shortened by shortening the stretching time and the buffer time has almost no change; up-downhill and downhill training method can significantly improve the maximum anaerobic power 6s, but the downhill training method is the only way to significantly shorten the subjects Reaching the maximum anaerobic power consumption, and thus the maximum speed to maximize the best run, while the maximum run speed and sprint performance was significantly positively correlated; up-down training method to improve the subjects maximum running speed and related kinematic parameters than Other methods are more effective, short-distance sports items in order to enhance the maximum speed, it is recommended to use this method.