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为了提高孔洞类泄水建筑物的出口消能率,同时避免出口水流堵塞和空蚀破坏,提出了一种带跌坎和反坡的燕尾坎消能工。物理模型试验表明,燕尾坎中间槽的作用使出流分成两股,水流纵向拉伸,减小了落点水舌的平均流速,并使水舌掺气增加,消能率提高;设置跌坎和反坡,通过跌坎掺气和反坡对中间股水流的引导作用,避免消能工的空化和出口流动的水流阻塞,并在中间反坡的引导下,中间水舌按预设方向入水。与传统连续坎消能工相比,该消能工消能率提高15%左右。在分析消能率影响因素的基础上,给出了所提消能工消能率的经验表达式,为孔洞类泄水建筑物的出口消能设计及施工提供了参考依据。
In order to improve the exit energy dissipation rate of the vent-like structures and avoid the blockage of the outlet flow and the cavitation erosion, a swallow-tail energy dissipater with a drop-ridge and an anti-slope is proposed. The physical model tests show that the action of the middle trough of the dovetail ridge divides the outflow into two strands, and the water flow stretches longitudinally, reducing the average flow velocity of the drop tongue and increasing the aeration of the water tongue, increasing the energy dissipation rate. Inverted slope, through the infiltration of falling cans and anti-slope on the middle of the flow of water guide to avoid cavitation energy dissipator and outlet flow of water blocking, and in the middle of the anti-slope under the guidance of the middle of the tongue according to the preset direction into the water . Compared with the traditional continuous energy dissipater, the dissipator energy efficiency increased by about 15%. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of energy dissipation rate, an empirical expression of the energy dissipation rate of the energy dissipater is given, which provides a reference for the design and construction of energy dissipation at the outlet of a hole-type drainage building.