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脉冲电场利用方波直流脉冲发生器改变细胞膜的通透性,并在细胞膜上形成纳米级细孔,其被称为电穿孔是一种新型微创技术,分为可逆电穿孔(reversible electroporation)及不可逆电穿孔(irreversible electroporation)。在过去的四十年,电穿孔大量的实验研究及其自身的优点及先进性,使电穿孔相关的技术已被允许应用与临床。目前临床和实验中应用电穿孔的化疗药物已有十余种,通过电穿孔进行基因转染及DNA疫苗的研发已取得巨大成功。尤其近几年发展的非热能的不可逆电穿孔对实体肿瘤的消融作用,为肿瘤治疗提供新的思路,因其比其他局部治疗方法:具有治疗时间短,减少间接热损伤,对毗邻主要血管的肿瘤组织有消融能力等优点引起了对不可逆电穿孔巨大的临床研究兴趣。本文就电穿孔的基本理论,电化学治疗,基因电转染及不可逆电穿孔的临床应用进行探讨。
Pulsed electric field uses a square wave DC pulser to change the permeability of the cell membrane and form nano-scale pores in the cell membrane, which is called electroporation. It is a new minimally invasive technique and is divided into reversible electroporation and Irreversible electroporation. In the past four decades, a large number of experimental studies of electroporation and its own advantages and advancements have made electroporation-related technologies approved for applications and clinical applications. At present, there are more than ten kinds of chemotherapeutics used in electroporation in clinical and experiment. Gene transfection and DNA vaccine research and development by electroporation have achieved great success. Especially in recent years, the development of non-thermal irreversible electroporation ablation of solid tumors for tumor treatment provides a new way of thinking than its other local treatment methods: with a short treatment time, reduce the indirect heat damage, adjacent to major blood vessels Tumor tissue has the ablation ability and other advantages caused a huge irreversible electroporation clinical research interest. This article discusses the basic theory of electroporation, electrochemical treatment, gene transfection and irreversible electroporation clinical application.