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本文所介绍的仅是对本章某些章节教材的体会、教学建议,对某些演示实验及学生实验处理的意见,而不是全章系统的教学法,只能供教师们在备课时作为参考。 (一)硝基化合物 (1)在讲授硝基苯与三硝基苯酚的生成中,可以适当的巩固原子或原子团间相互影响的学说。因苯酚在硝化时,只需用由5份浓硝酸和2份水混和而成的硝酸溶液,即能生成三硝基的化合物,而苯在硝化时,不但需用浓硝酸,而且还要用浓硫酸来吸收水份。加热后,结果也只能生成一硝基化合物,这就是因为苯酚中的羟基影响了苯环中的氢原子活动性的缘故(官能团影响基的性质)。
This article describes only some chapters of this chapter teaching material experience, teaching suggestions, some demonstration experiments and students experimental treatment advice, rather than the whole chapter system teaching method, only for teachers in preparing lessons as a reference. (I) Nitro Compounds (1) In teaching the formation of nitrobenzene and trinitrophenol, we can properly consolidate the doctrine of atomic or atomic interactions. Because of the nitration of phenol, nitric acid solution, which consists of 5 parts of concentrated nitric acid and 2 parts of water, can be used to generate the compound of the trinitrobenzene. When benzene is nitrified, not only nitric acid but also nitric acid Concentrated sulfuric acid to absorb moisture. After heating, the result is only mononitro compounds, which is due to the fact that the hydroxyl groups in the phenol affect the activity of the hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring (the functional groups affect the radical properties).