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采用有限元方法对世界最大功率货运电力机车的车体和变压器关键部件强度进行了计算,车体结构用壳元和空间梁单元进行模拟,对作为支撑的高圆簧用刚度等效的圆柱薄壳进行模拟,并根据计算结果以及拓扑优化结果对车体关键受力部位进行了重新设计,设计之后的车体结构基本满足相关要求。车体计算模型共划分了约34万个节点,自由度总数超过200万。对主变压器的关键受力部件进行了进一步计算,变压器拉螺杆使用3节点轴对称单元、吊装螺栓使用四面体单元进行模拟。结果显示,对于拉螺杆以及厚薄螺母的接触,第一匝接触螺纹的应力最高,而后每一匝螺纹上的应力逐渐降低。吊装工况下变压器高应力区域主要发生在吊装螺栓附近,且同一安装座上的吊装螺栓应力分布是不同的。
The finite element method is used to calculate the strength of the key components of the body and the transformer of the world’s largest power freight electric locomotive. The body structure is simulated by the shell element and the space beam element. According to the calculation results and topology optimization results, the key parts of the vehicle body are redesigned. The designed vehicle body structure basically meets the relevant requirements. The body calculation model has divided a total of about 340,000 nodes, the total number of degrees of freedom more than 2 million. The main force components of the main transformer were further calculated using a 3-axis symmetrical axis of the transformer screw rod, hoisting bolts using tetrahedral elements for simulation. The results show that for the pull screw and the thick nut contact, the stress of the first turn contact thread is the highest and then the stress on each turn thread gradually decreases. Under high load conditions, the high stress area of the transformer mainly occurs near the lifting bolts, and the stress distribution of the lifting bolts on the same mounting seat is different.