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为分析研究车轮动力吸振器运行条件下的噪声抑制效果,根据标准ISO3095—2005、ISO3381—2005、GB/T 5111—2011和GB/T 3449—2011开展了装配和拆除车轮动力吸振器2种工况下,城轨列车车内、外噪声线路测试。结果表明:该车轮动力吸振器对车内噪声抑制效果不明显,甚至还会略微增大车内噪声,其噪声抑制效果为-0.7~1.5 dB;对城轨列车车外噪声抑制效果较好,有1.2~3.1 dB的噪声抑制效果。该车轮动力吸振器对1 000 Hz以上频率的轮轨噪声有良好的抑制效果,且随频率增高效果越显著。对100 Hz以下低频区段,其噪声抑制作用为负,会增加该频率区段的噪声水平。近场车轮噪声测点与7.5 m远1.2 m高车外标准测点,两者的降噪值和频谱变化特性均很相近,因此,在车外线路噪声测试实施困难的情况下,可采用车轮近场噪声测试方法来替代评价分析阻尼车轮对车外噪声的抑制效果。相关结果可为低噪声车轮设计和低噪声车轮降噪效果评价提供参考和依据。
In order to analyze and study the noise suppression effect of the wheel dynamic vibration absorber, two kinds of workers were assembled and disassembled according to the standards ISO3095-2005, ISO3381-2005, GB / T 5111-2011 and GB / T 3449-2011 Under the condition of urban rail train car, outside the noise line test. The results show that the wheel vibration absorber has no obvious effect on the noise suppression in the vehicle, and even slightly increases the noise in the vehicle with a noise suppression effect of -0.7 to 1.5 dB. The effect of noise suppression on the urban rail train is better, There is noise suppression of 1.2 ~ 3.1 dB. The wheel dynamic vibration absorber has a good restraining effect on the wheel-rail noise above the frequency of 1 000 Hz, and the effect becomes more remarkable as the frequency increases. For the low-frequency section below 100 Hz, the noise suppression effect is negative, which will increase the noise level of the frequency section. Near-field wheel noise measurement point and 7.5 m far away from the 1.2 m high car standard measuring point, both noise reduction and spectral characteristics are very similar, so outside the road noise test implementation difficulties, the wheel can be used Near-field noise test method to evaluate and analyze the damping effect of damping wheel on the noise outside the car. The results can provide reference and basis for low noise wheel design and low noise noise reduction evaluation.