随着改革开放的不断发展,我国与周边国家的经济和文化交流也日趋频繁。与外国人接触语言是桥梁。交往中操外语的人的交际修养和言语礼节十分重要。我们必须在俄语教学实践中强调这一点。不同的民族有不同的民族特征和礼节特征。在俄国入的生活习惯中和言语礼节中也有其独特的民族特点。我们在学习俄语过程中会发现中俄两个民族在言语礼节的表达上有许多差异。俄国人不但有姓和名,还有父称,这是和中国人不同的。何时称姓,名和父称,何时只称名字是有规律的。我们有些俄语交际修养和言语礼节造诣不深的人往往在接触刚刚开始时称呼上就用词不当。 苏联解体之前我们与俄罗斯人交往中大多称对方为TOB4pt[111(同志)。而现在,由于社会的变革,呼语也发生了变化。我国亦然,在某些眼务行业不称经理和同志。而称老板、小姐等。不久前,俄罗斯“奥斯塔基诺”广播电视公司社会学中心就呼语问题在莫斯科市市民中进行了民意测验。得出的结果是,倾向于使用TOBapI[1~(同志)这一称呼的占被调查市民的22％,主要是中老年人,多数是男人,大部分人受的中等教育或中等职业教育。倾向于rpa^》aHL,H(公民),FDa,~JlmHK5(女公民)的占21％,基本上也是上面提到的那部分社会阶层的人。倾向 With the continuous development of reform and opening up, economic and cultural exchanges between our country and the neighboring countries are also becoming more frequent. The language of contact with foreigners is a bridge. It is very important to cultivate and verbal etiquette of those who speak foreign languages ​​in the communication. We must emphasize this in Russian teaching practice. Different ethnic groups have different nationalities and etiquette features. In Russia’s life habits and speech etiquette also has its unique national characteristics. During our study of Russian, we found that there are many differences between the two peoples of China and Russia in the expression of verbal etiquette. The Russians not only have the surname and first name, but also the father’s name, which is different from that of the Chinese. When to name, name and father, when only name is regular. Some of us who are not well versed in Russian communicative accomplishments and verbal etiquette tend to use the words inappropriately when they are just beginning to touch. Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, most of our contacts with Russians called each other TOB4pt [111 (gay). Now, due to social change, the call has changed. My country also does not call managers and comrades in some eyeballs. And called the boss, lady and so on. Not long ago, Russia’s sociology center of the “Aostakino” radio and television company carried out opinion polls among the citizens of Moscow City on the issue of urination. As a result, 22% of the respondents who tended to use the title TOBAPI [1 ~ (gay), mainly middle-aged and elderly people, mostly men and most of them secondary or secondary vocational education. Twenty-two percent of those who tend to be "aHL, H (citizens), FDa, ~ JlmHK5 (female citizens) are basically those in the social class mentioned above. tendency