1.马基雅维利在《君主论》中说:“必须理解:一位君主,尤其是一位新的君主,不能够实践那些被认为是好人应作的所有事情,因为他要保持国家,常常不得不背信弃义,不讲仁慈,悖乎人道,违反神道。”其观点①体现了人文主义的进步性②与当时人文主义潮流背道而驰③其产生的社会背景是正值资本主义发展和资产阶级成长时期④反映了中世纪欧洲封建势力顽固地维护其统治的思想⑤反映了意大利资产阶级实现统一的政治要求 1. Machiavelli said in “The Monarchy”: "It must be understood that a monarch, especially a new monarch, cannot practice everything that is considered good, because he wants to maintain the country. They often have to believe in perfidiousness, disregard humanity, be respectful of humanity, and violate Shinto.” “Their views1 reflect the progressivity of humanism2 and are contrary to the trend of humanism at that time.3 The social background it generates is the development of capitalism and the bourgeoisie. The period of growth 4 reflects the thoughts of the feudal forces in medieval Europe that stubbornly defended their rule. 5 Reflects the political requirements of the Italian bourgeoisie to achieve reunification.