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医学论文中容易错用的几种相对数杨福好，董海原，杨金萍在医学论文中，除了常用一些绝对数外，相对数也比较常用，尤其比和率应用更为广泛。如果对相对数的性质不能正确理解，很容易发生错误，最常见的是比与率、发病率与患病率、死亡率与病死率、治愈率与生存率、误诊率与漏诊率之间的混淆。现就比和各率的性质、容易发生错误之处，结合编稿过程中的一些体会分述如下。一、比和率比在医学论文中是指某一事物内部各组成部分所占的比重或分布，计算时分子为某一组成部分的观察单位数，分母为同一事物各组成部分的观察单位总数。疾病构成比是部分病例数对总病例数之比，是说明疾病分布和比重的。率是用来表示某现象发生的频率或强度，计算时分子为发生某现象的观察单位数，分母为可能发生某现象单位总数。在实际工作中最容易发生的错误就是以比代率，例如：在一篇论文中有这样一段：“４０５例直肠癌患者中３０岁以下者４５例，发生癌转移者１９例，占４２．２％；３１岁～６０岁２２１例，发生癌转移者８９例，占４０．３％；６０岁以上１３９例，发生转移者５６例，占４０，２％。男性３１４例患者中，发生转移者１３３例，占４２．３％；女性９１例中，发生转移者３４例，占３７．４％。……本资料表
Several kinds of relative numbers easily misused in medical papers Yang Fuhao, Dong Haiyuan, and Yang Jinping In addition to the number of absolute numbers commonly used in medical papers, the relative numbers are also more commonly used, especially in comparison with the rate application. If the nature of the relative number cannot be correctly understood, it is easy to make mistakes. The most common ones are the rate of comparison, incidence and prevalence, mortality and mortality, cure rate and survival rate, misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate. Confused. Now we compare the nature of the ratios and their proneness to mistakes, and combine some of the experiences in the drafting process as follows. First, the ratio and the ratio in the medical paper refer to the proportion or distribution of the internal components of a certain thing. When the calculation is made, the numerator is the number of observation units of a certain component, and the denominator is the total number of observation units of the same thing. . The disease composition ratio is the ratio of the number of cases to the total number of cases, which indicates the distribution and proportion of diseases. The rate is used to indicate the frequency or intensity of a phenomenon. When calculating, the numerator is the number of observed units that cause a phenomenon, and the denominator is the total number of possible phenomena. The most common mistake in practical work is the ratio of generation to generation ratio. For example, in a paper, there is a paragraph: “There are 405 cases of rectal cancer patients, 45 patients under 30 years of age, 19 cases of cancer metastasis, accounting for 42. 2%; 221 cases of 31 years old to 60 years old, 89 cases of cancer metastasis, accounting for 40.3%; 139 cases over the age of 60, 56 cases of metastasis, accounting for 40,2%. Among 314 cases of men, metastasis occurred 133 cases, accounting for 42.3%; 91 cases of females, 34 cases of metastasis, accounting for 37.4%....... This data sheet