60年代末,学生运动成为一种世界性现象。作为一种崭新的政治行动形式,它吸引了越来越多的注意力。在许多国家里,学生运动无情地冲破了历史惯例:在美国,并没有学生积极参与政治的强大传统;在一些欧洲国家,早期的学生运动与广泛的激进运动的目标和口号紧紧联系在一起,并且总是从属于后者的。近来的学生运动具有两个显著特征;第一,它宣称是一种独立的政治运动,这不仅反映在它的言辞和思想方面,而且还反映在它与激进运动的某些方面持久的联系上;第二,它所关注的是大学本身的结构及其运行过程。上述特征曾经使得一些观察家认定,存在着一种正在不断增强的“学生意识”,这种意识与19世纪产业工人阶级所萌生的“阶级意识”在许多方面相类似。法国社会学家阿兰·托里尼(AlainTouraine)曾经对学生和工人作为细致的类比,他认为,最近,在法国的大学里,即便在蒙南特(法国城市名)这样的完全与世隔绝的大学里,学生已经成为一种特殊的群体,与早期 In the late 1960s, the student movement became a worldwide phenomenon. As a brand new form of political action, it has drawn more and more attention. In many countries, the student movement ruthlessly broke through historical precedents: in the United States, there is no strong tradition for students to actively participate in politics; in some European countries, the early student movements are closely linked with the goals and slogans of a wide range of radical movements , And always subordinate to the latter. The recent student movement has two salient features; first, it claims to be an independent political movement reflected not only in its rhetoric and ideology, but also in its long-lasting connection with certain aspects of radical movements Second, it focuses on the structure of the university itself and its operation. The above features have led some observers to conclude that there is a growing “student consciousness” similar in many respects to the “class consciousness” initiated by the working class in the nineteenth century. Alain Touraine, a French sociologist, once used a meticulous analogy of students and workers, arguing that recently, in French universities, even completely isolated in Monant (the city of France) In college, students have become a special group, with early