1971年诺贝尔化学奖授予加拿大物理化学家格哈特·赫茨伯格,表彰他在分子光谱学,特别是在确定自由基的电子结构和几何结构方面所作出的杰出贡献.赫茨伯格主要从事原子与分子光谱学和分子结构的研究.他确定了大量双原子分子与多原子分子的结构,通过研究各种气体的光谱,尤其是最常见的氢、氧、氮和一氧化碳等双原子分子,从中指出光谱与分子结构的关系,并检测出作为化学反应中间物的暂态原子团的存在.他的重要研究成果在于确定了含奇数电子(称为自由基)的原子团的电子结构.自由基又称游离基,是指外层轨道中具有不成对电子的原子、原子团、分子和离子,其特点是非常活跃,结构不稳定,且存在的时间短暂,只能靠掠夺其他分子中的原子或原子团以达到稳定结构,这时被掠夺者因含奇 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Canadian physicochemist Gerhard Hertzberg, in recognition of his outstanding achievements in molecular spectroscopy, especially in determining the electronic structure and geometric structure of free radicals .Hertsberg Mainly engaged in the study of atomic and molecular spectroscopy and molecular structure, he identified a large number of diatomic molecules and polyatomic molecules in the structure, through the study of various gas spectra, especially the most common hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon monoxide and other diatomic Molecule, pointing out the relation between spectrum and molecular structure and detecting the existence of transient atomic groups as chemical reaction intermediates. His important research achievement lies in the determination of the electronic structure of atomic groups containing odd-numbered electrons (called free radicals). Radicals, also known as radicals, refer to atoms, radicals, molecules and ions that have unpaired electrons in the outer orbit. They are characterized by being very active, unstable in structure, and transient in existence for a short time and can only be exploited by looting atoms in other molecules Or atomic group in order to achieve a stable structure, then the predators because of containing odd