一、简况弹道导弹核加固是美国在六十年代中期遇到的一个重要新课题。在此之前,美国曾通过大量大气层、地下和高空核试验验证过各种核武器的设计并研究过核武器的各种破坏效应,也曾开展了采用以核反核机理的反导弹导弹的研制工作。当时对于核武器的基本效应(冲击波、热辐射、核辐射和放射性沉降)了解得比较深入,但对于核武器的现代效应(例如电磁 I. Brief Introduction The nuclear reinforcement of ballistic missiles is an important new issue that the United States has encountered in the mid-1960s. Prior to that, the United States had verified the design of various kinds of nuclear weapons and investigated the destructive effects of nuclear weapons through a large number of atmospheric, underground and upper-air nuclear tests. The United States also conducted research and development work on anti-missile missiles using a nuclear counter-nuclear mechanism. The basic effects of nuclear weapons (shock wave, thermal radiation, nuclear radiation and radioactive fallout) were well understood at that time, but the modern effects of nuclear weapons (such as electromagnetic