利用近红外波段大气窗口通道和水汽吸收通道辐亮度比值反演大气柱水汽含量,是卫星遥感大气水汽估算的通用方法之一.但对于对流层内的航空遥感水汽估算,直接套用卫星遥感水汽估算近红外比值法会引入飞行平台到大气顶层水汽的影响.根据航空遥感成像特征,利用Modtran和热力学初始分析资料(thermodynamic initial guess retrieval,TIGR)大气廓线库数据,分别构建入射路径上,航飞高度到地表的水汽透过率与太阳到地表水汽透过率的对数之比G与航飞高度内大气水汽与整层大气水汽之比R,以及入射路径上的航飞高度到地表的水汽透过率,与出射路径上地表到入瞳处水汽透过率的对数之比H与太阳入射角qs的函数关系,结合下垫面特征,建立对流层航空遥感水汽估算模型.以1614组TIGR廓线为输入模拟航飞入瞳处辐亮度,利用本文模型估算对流层内大气水汽,并与廓线数据直接计算值对比,结果表明,当航飞高度在1.0~7.0 km时,模型估算值的总体精度为0.22 g/cm~2,且精度优于0.5 g/cm~2的样本占总样本数95.30%.利用2014年5月28日郑州上街航空遥感试验获取的影像进行水汽分布估算,并与同步大气探空数据计算到的水汽进行对比,结果表明,各样区估算值与探空值的RMS误差为0.16 g/cm~2(12.8%),且对下垫面覆盖条件的先验了解能够提高模型估算精度.本文模型消除航空遥感飞行高度以上大气的影响,增大了模型的精准度与适应性,为热红外航空遥感数据实时大气校正提供了可靠的输入. The inversion of atmospheric water vapor content by the radiance ratio of the atmospheric window channel and water vapor absorption channel in the near infrared band is one of the common methods for estimating atmospheric water vapor in satellite remote sensing.However, for the estimation of atmospheric remote sensing water vapor in the troposphere, Infrared ratio method will introduce the influence of water vapor from the flight platform to the top of the atmosphere.According to the characteristics of aerial remote sensing imaging, the data of Modtran and thermodynamic initial guess retrieval (TIGR) The ratio of the water vapor transmission rate to the surface to the logarithm of solar to surface water vapor transmission rate G and the ratio R of atmospheric water vapor to total atmospheric water vapor over the flight altitude and the water vapor transmission through the flight path to the surface over the incident path And the ratio of the logarithm of water vapor transmission rate H to the solar incident angle qs from the surface to the entrance pupil in the exit path, and based on the characteristics of the underlying surface, an airborne remotely sensed water vapor estimation model for the troposphere was established. The line is for inputting the radiance of the simulated flight into the pupil, and the atmospheric water vapor in the troposphere is estimated by this model and directly compared with the profile data The results show that the overall accuracy of the model estimate is 0.22 g / cm ~ 2 when the flight altitude is 1.0 ~ 7.0 km, and the sample whose accuracy is better than 0.5 g / cm ~ 2 accounts for 95.30%. The water vapor distribution was estimated based on the images obtained from remote sensing experiment of Shangjie Street, Zhengzhou on May 28, 2014 and compared with the water vapor calculated from synchronized atmospheric sounding data. The results showed that the RMS errors between estimated values ​​and sounding values Is 0.16 g / cm ~ 2 (12.8%), and a priori knowledge of the underlying surface coverage conditions can improve the accuracy of the model estimation.The model eliminates the influence of the atmosphere above the flight altitude of the aviation remote sensing and increases the accuracy and adaptation of the model This provides a reliable input for real-time atmospheric correction of thermal infrared remote sensing data.