以果实性状差异较大的来源于美国的厚皮甜瓜ms-5和黑龙江省薄皮甜瓜HM-1为亲本,构建P_1、P_2、F_1和F_2群体,采用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合模型对甜瓜果实长度、宽度及果形指数进行遗传分析。结果表明:果实长度受到1对加性-显性主基因模型控制;果实宽度受到2对加性-显性上位多基因遗传模型控制;果形指数受到加性-显性-上位效应多基因控制。主基因在F_2代群体中遗传率果实长度为54.5%;果实宽度为61.4%和58.0%,显性效应占主要作用;果形指数主基因遗传效应为20%和11%,受环境条件影响较大。 The population of P_1, P_2, F_1 ​​and F_2 was constructed from the melon ms-5 originating from the United States and the melon HM-1 from Heilongjiang Province, whose fruit traits were significantly different. The population-derived major gene-polygene mixed model Melon fruit length, width and fruit shape index genetic analysis. The results showed that the length of the fruit was controlled by a pair of additive - dominance genetic model; the fruit width was controlled by two pairs of additive - dominance polygenic model; and the fruit shape index was controlled by additive - dominance - epistasis multigene . The dominant gene was 54.5% in F 2 population. The fruit width was 61.4% and 58.0%. The dominant effect was dominant. The genetic effect of fruit shape index major gene was 20% and 11% Big.