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今年2月23日-25日,我参加了国家清史编纂委员会召开的“清史编纂体裁体例学术座谈会”,就清史编纂的几个问题谈了自己的一点浅见,现在发表出来,请方家和读者以及所有的关心清史编纂的同志指正。 一、关于清史的起讫年代问题 以往人们一般都把清代历史分成两截:将太祖、太宗的“大金”视作地方政权,划归明史;将清世祖顺治元年(1644)清兵人关至宣统三年(1911)清皇室逊位,作为整个清朝历史。我认为,这种划分法值得商榷。清史应自太宗崇德元年(1636)起至宣统三年止。因为太宗皇太极于崇德元年正式打起“大清”旗号,当时虽是个地方政权,但太宗所制定的一些制度、政策均为后世奠定了基础。正如已故的明清史大家商鸿逵教授所说:“没有皇太极,就没有大清朝。”
From February 23 to February 25 this year, I participated in the Symposium on the Style of the Qing History Compilation Held by the Committee of the Census of Qing History. I talked a bit about my own views on several issues concerning the compilation of the Qing history. Now I have published it and invited Fang Jiahe Readers and all those who care about the compilation of Qing Shi correct. First, on the history of the Qing Dynasty Beginning and ending problems In the past people generally divided the history of the Qing Dynasty into two parts: the Taizu, Taizong “Daikin” as a local regime, under the Ming Dynasty; the Qing Dynasty ancestral Shunzhi the first year (1644) Qingbing Guan Guan to the people three years (1911) Qing royal abdication, as the history of the entire Qing Dynasty. I think this division is debatable. Qing history should be from the first year of Zonta Zonta (1636) until Xuan Tong three years. Since Taizong Huang Taizi formally started the banner of “Qing” in the first year of Zonta, although it was a local government at that time, some systems and policies formulated by Taizong laid the foundation for future generations. As the late Ming and Qing Dynasties, Professor Shang Hongji said: “Without Huangtaiji, there will be no Qing Dynasty.”