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委内瑞拉是拉丁美洲伟大的解放者、反对殖民主义的先驱——西蒙·博利瓦尔的故乡。今天它又以石油大国而闻名于世,是石油输出国组织成员国之一,石油产量居世界第六位,在拉美仅次于墨西哥。自一九一四年壳牌石油公司在这里打成第一口商业性油井以来,石油就逐步成为委内瑞拉的经济支柱,近二十多年来,石油出口收入始终占委内瑞拉外汇收入的百分之九十五,占国家财政收入的百分之六十五。但是,在一九七六年一月一日委政府宣布石油工业国有化之前,这里丰富的石油资源一直受跨国公司的控制,巨额财富为外国资本家所掠夺。
Venezuela is a great liberator of Latin America and opposes the birthplace of Simon Bolivar, the pioneer of colonialism. Today it is also famous for being a big oil country, one of the member states of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the sixth largest oil producer in the world, and second only to Mexico in Latin America. Since Shell was the first commercial oil well here in 1914, oil has gradually become the economic pillar of Venezuela. Over the past two decades, oil export revenues have always accounted for 9% of Venezuela’s foreign exchange earnings Fifteen, accounting for 65% of state revenue. However, before the government announced the nationalization of the oil industry on January 1, 1976, the rich oil resources here had been under the control of multinational corporations, and huge amounts of wealth were plundered by foreign capitalists.