硫化氢是继一氧化氮和一氧化碳之后的第三种内源性气体信号分子。近年来,内源性硫化氢的产生及生理意义已经被认识,其代谢异常与多种疾病有关。本文综述了近年报道的硫化氢及其内生酶在糖尿病发病及进展中的变化情况,并重点概述硫化氢效应的细胞机制,包括硫化氢对β细胞胰岛素释放和对脂肪细胞葡萄糖摄取的影响。深入理解硫化氢在糖尿病中的作用将为以硫化氢为靶点的糖尿病治疗和抗糖尿病新药设计提供新的思路。 Hydrogen sulfide is the third endogenous gas signaling molecule following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. In recent years, the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide and its physiological significance have been recognized, and its metabolic abnormalities and a variety of diseases. This review summarizes the changes of hydrogen sulfide and its endogenous enzymes reported in recent years in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus, and focuses on the cellular mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide effects, including the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the release of β-cell insulin and glucose uptake in adipocytes. In-depth understanding of the role of hydrogen sulfide in diabetes will provide new ideas for the treatment of H2S-targeted diabetes and the design of new antidiabetic drugs.