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目的了解淮安市流感的流行特征及流感流行优势毒株的变化,为流感防治工作提供科学依据。方法对2009年7月-2013年12月淮安市流感监测哨点医院的流感样病例(Influenza Like Illness,ILI)监测资料、病原学监测资料以及全市暴发疫情调查处置信息进行分析。结果淮安市流感监测哨点医院ILI%在1.26%~11.78%之间,每年可有2个流行高峰,即冬春季和夏季高峰。主要的流行毒株每年存在交替现象,各年份病毒阳性率有统计学差异(χ2=673.11,P<0.05)。ILI年龄构成中以0岁~组为主(61.42%),不同年龄组的检测阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=62.47,P<0.05),不同年龄组人群感染流感毒株型别不同(Fisher确切概率值=70.85,P<0.05)。7起ILI暴发疫情发生于2009年9月和2013年11-12月,主要由新甲H1型和H3型引起。结论建议扩大流感监测哨点医院范围并通过信息化改造进一步加强流感监测工作,重点保护15岁以下易感人群,加强学校等人群聚集性场所暴发疫情监测。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Huai’an City and the changes of influenza prevalent strains and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of influenza. Methods Influenza Like Illness (ILI) surveillance data, epidemiological surveillance data and outbreak investigation and treatment information of the city’s outbreak epidemic were analyzed from July 2009 to December 2013 in Huaian. Results The results showed that ILI% of the sentinel hospitals in Huai’an City ranged from 1.26% to 11.78%. There were two epidemic peaks in each year, ie, the peak in winter, spring and summer. The main epidemic strains alternate every year, and the positive rates of virus in all years are statistically different (χ2 = 673.11, P <0.05). The prevalence of ILI was mainly in the group of 0 years old (61.42%). There was significant difference in the detection positive rates among different age groups (χ2 = 62.47, P <0.05). The types of influenza strains in different age groups were different (Fisher exact probability value = 70.85, P <0.05). Seven outbreaks of ILI occurred in September 2009 and November-December 2013, mainly due to the new H1N1 and H3 forms. Conclusions It is suggested to expand the scope of influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals and further strengthen the surveillance of influenza by means of informatization. The focus should be on protection of susceptible people under 15 years of age and on surveillance of outbreaks of outbreaks in crowded places such as schools.