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目的探索符合湖北省特点的有效食物中毒防治措施。方法对湖北省2004年1月至2013年12月食物中毒发生情况进行统计分析。结果过去10年湖北省共网络监测食物中毒129起,中毒2 926人,死亡90人。第三季度(7、8、9月)为食物中毒高发季度。15个市州中,食物中毒标化发病率最高的为黄石市(20.05/10万),其次为十堰市(11.46/10万)和咸宁市(11.33/10万),病死率居前3位的分别为恩施州(30.61%)、鄂州市(18.75%)和仙桃市(7.55%)。食物中毒发生原因前3位的分别是原料污染或变质、原因不明及误食误服,分别占总报告起数的34.11%、24.03%、22.48%。结论近10年来,湖北省食物中毒发生总体变化趋势不明显,但每年第三季度高发。食物中毒人数构成比最高的为微生物性食物中毒,中毒原因多为交叉污染或者食物储存不当;食物中毒病死率最高的为有毒动植物引起的食物中毒,中毒原因多为误食或者加工不当。
Objective To explore effective measures to prevent and control food poisoning in line with the characteristics of Hubei Province. Methods The incidence of food poisoning in Hubei Province from January 2004 to December 2013 was analyzed statistically. Results In the past 10 years, a total of 129 food poisoning cases were reported on the network in Hubei Province, causing 2,926 cases of poisoning and 90 deaths. The third quarter (July, August, September) is the first quarter of high incidence of food poisoning. Among 15 municipalities and districts, the highest incidence of food poisoning was Huangshi (20.05 / 100000), followed by Shiyan (11.46 / 100000) and Xianning (11.33 / 100000), with the highest mortality rate (30.61%), Ezhou (18.75%) and Xiantao (7.55%) respectively. The top three causes of food poisoning are raw material pollution or deterioration, unknown cause and mistaken food intake, accounting for 34.11%, 24.03% and 22.48% of the total reported numbers respectively. Conclusion In the recent 10 years, the general trend of food poisoning in Hubei Province has not changed obviously, but it is high in the third quarter of each year. The highest proportion of food poisoning is microbial food poisoning. The causes of poisoning are mostly cross-contamination or improper storage of food. The highest food poisoning mortality rate is food poisoning caused by poisonous animals and plants. Most of the causes of poisoning are food consumption or improper processing.