评价外资行为,探讨引进外资的实际利弊得失,是发展经济学利用外资理论的一个重要组成部分,涉及的主要争论问题有三:如何评价跨国公司的作用;如何有效地利用国际发展援助;从发展中国家的严重债务问题中应汲取哪些教训。一、对跨国公司作用的评价在评价跨国公司的作用方面,发展经济学存在着不同的价值判断。“填补缺口”论者认为,以跨国公司为主的私人直接投资,有助于填补发展中国家在经济发展中现实存在的储蓄缺口、外汇缺口、技术缺口和管理人才与经验缺口。但“填补缺口”论者对跨国公司活动的消 Evaluating foreign investment behavior and discussing the pros and cons of introducing foreign investment are an important part of the theory of developing foreign investment in economics. There are three main issues in the debate: how to evaluate the role of transnational corporations, how to effectively utilize international development aid, What lessons should be learned from the country’s serious debt problems. I. Evaluation of the Role of Multinational Corporations In the evaluation of the role of transnational corporations, there are different value judgments in development economics. The “fill-in-the-gap” view argues that private direct investment, mainly transnational corporations, helps to fill the real savings gap, foreign exchange gap, technology gap, managerial talent and experience gaps that developing countries have in economic development. However, the “fill-in-one-gap” theory eliminates the activity of multinational corporations