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主旨要义题既测试考生对文章主题及中心意思的把握能力，也考查考生对语篇或段落的归纳概括以及对所选材的整体理解能力。这类设题通常是就材料的主要内容、标题或主题进行设问，可分为主题型、标题型和目的型主旨要义题。请看例子：
例1： Barack Hussein Obama, the 44th president of the United States, who will move into the Oval Office as leader of a country, and his running mate, Sen. Joseph Biden of Delaware, will take their oaths of office as the first African-American president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009.
Obama has said his first order of presidential business will be to tackle the economy. He has also pledged to withdraw most U.S. combat troops from Iraq within 16 months.
Sen. John McCain on Tuesday urged all Americans to join him in congratulating Sen. Barack Obama on his projected victory in the presidential election.“I pledge to him tonight to do all in my power to help him lead us through the many challenges we face,” McCain said before his supporters in Phoenix, Arizona. McCain’s running mate, Gov. Sarah Palin, was standing with him, but she did not speak.
Question: The passage chiefly discusses__________.
A. America’s election of 2008
B. McCain’s congratulation on Obama’s victory
C. Obama wins election, becoming the first black president
D. McCain’s determination to helpObama through challenges
分析：这篇新闻报道主要讲述了2008年美国总统大选的结果。A选项范围过宽；B选项以偏概全；D选项与材料的主题不相一致。答案为C。
策略：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义，有时是以主题段或段首的主题句的形式呈现出来，有时主题句也会出现在段尾。例1中，第一段的主要句子结构为：Barack Hussein Obama and Sen. Joseph Biden of Delaware will take their oaths of office as the first African-American president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009. 下文的发展都是围绕该句展开的，故不难判断出正确答案。 主题句通常简明扼要，有一定的概括性，同时又能体现出段落或语篇的发展方向。
例2： Remember: Stop smoking, drinking or using drugs immediately. All of these actions wreak havoc on your body and stand in the way of your fitness goals.
Keeping an exercise journal will give you motivation and help you track your progress.
Joining a health club, leisure centre or gym will allow you to become a part of a supportive community and explore options and classes.
An exercise or fitness video is a great way to try new activities in the privacy of your own home.
Building up a home gym with free weights and a skipping rope will help you exercise even when it is too cold or rainy to go outside.
Aim for at least eight hours of sleep per night to help your body recover from all of this new activity.
Question: The above-mentioned information is mainly about________.
分析： 例2中并没未出现明显的具有概括性的句子，它所呈现的信息看似散乱无章，但所有信息都围绕着一个隐藏的主题展开，即：保持健康的有效方法。所以，上述信息可归纳为： The above-mentioned information is mainly about the effective ways to keep fit.
策略：有时阅读材料中并不会直接出现主题句，这时就得对材料所呈现的信息进行抽象概括，所谓“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”说的就是要站得高一些，才能得其全貌并从语篇上驾驭文章。
例3： Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in. If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality.
Question: What do you think is the best title of this passage?
A. Four different positions to sleep
B. Not all the people have two personalities
C. Inner self is similar to outer self
D. One’s different personalities
分析： 本文主要围绕个体性格的两面性，即显性性格和隐性性格来组织材料。前一部分为总述，后一部分主要说明不同睡姿体现出真实且极富差异的个性特征。A选项仅是用以支持“隐性性格”的细节，故不宜作标题；B项“并非每个人都具有双重性格”，这与文章首句相矛盾，是一个错误的表述；C项有悖于第一段中的描述。答案为D“个体性格表现的不同方式”，文章主要讨论了两种性格的表现方式。
策略： 标题主旨的选项特征为：正确选项通常能有效覆盖全文、内容全面、含义深刻且说明道理；错误选项通常表现为过度概括、以偏概全和表述错误。
例4： Today, China—which is roughly the same size as the United States—is almost one-quarter desert, and the desert is advancing at more than 1,300 square miles each year.
Entire villages in China’s north have been lost, submerged(浸没) in sand by the encroaching desert. The country’s State Forestry Administration estimates that desertification(沙漠化) affects 400 million Chinese, many of whom lose the ability to farm their land or graze their animals and join the ranks of the tens of millions of internal environmental refugees, who often move to the big cities in search of new homes and jobs.
The Yellow River, one of the world’s longest, supplies water to more than 150 million people and 15 percent of China’s agricultural land. Yet two-thirds of its water is considered unsafe to drink, and 10 percent is classified as sewage. In 2007, Chinese officials announced that over one-third of the fish species native to the Yellow River had become extinct due to damming or pollution.
Question: What’s the author’s purpose of writing this article?
A. To get the public to know how
desertification affects China.
B. To try to persuade people to save water.
C. To tell some facts about China’s
northern villages and the Yellow River.
D. To show his or her growing concern
over China’s environmental problems.
分析： 第一段说每年中国沙漠化程度都在加剧；第二段以中国北方的村镇为例说明沙漠化程度的具体表现；第三段说明了黄河受到的污染。作者写这篇文章的目的并不是单纯地让读者知道文中提到的这两个事例，而是想通过这些现象来说明中国现在面临的环境问题，以引发读者的思考。故答案为D。
策略：目的型主旨要义题通常有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是讲授某个道理，或是启发读者思考，而这些信息通常并不是明确地传达出来，而是隐含在材料之中。因此，读者要在对材料进行整体理解的基础上再去领会作者的言外之意，洞察其弦外之音。
例1： Barack Hussein Obama, the 44th president of the United States, who will move into the Oval Office as leader of a country, and his running mate, Sen. Joseph Biden of Delaware, will take their oaths of office as the first African-American president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009.
Obama has said his first order of presidential business will be to tackle the economy. He has also pledged to withdraw most U.S. combat troops from Iraq within 16 months.
Sen. John McCain on Tuesday urged all Americans to join him in congratulating Sen. Barack Obama on his projected victory in the presidential election.“I pledge to him tonight to do all in my power to help him lead us through the many challenges we face,” McCain said before his supporters in Phoenix, Arizona. McCain’s running mate, Gov. Sarah Palin, was standing with him, but she did not speak.
Question: The passage chiefly discusses__________.
A. America’s election of 2008
B. McCain’s congratulation on Obama’s victory
C. Obama wins election, becoming the first black president
D. McCain’s determination to helpObama through challenges
分析：这篇新闻报道主要讲述了2008年美国总统大选的结果。A选项范围过宽；B选项以偏概全；D选项与材料的主题不相一致。答案为C。
策略：任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义，有时是以主题段或段首的主题句的形式呈现出来，有时主题句也会出现在段尾。例1中，第一段的主要句子结构为：Barack Hussein Obama and Sen. Joseph Biden of Delaware will take their oaths of office as the first African-American president and vice president on Jan. 20, 2009. 下文的发展都是围绕该句展开的，故不难判断出正确答案。 主题句通常简明扼要，有一定的概括性，同时又能体现出段落或语篇的发展方向。
例2： Remember: Stop smoking, drinking or using drugs immediately. All of these actions wreak havoc on your body and stand in the way of your fitness goals.
Keeping an exercise journal will give you motivation and help you track your progress.
Joining a health club, leisure centre or gym will allow you to become a part of a supportive community and explore options and classes.
An exercise or fitness video is a great way to try new activities in the privacy of your own home.
Building up a home gym with free weights and a skipping rope will help you exercise even when it is too cold or rainy to go outside.
Aim for at least eight hours of sleep per night to help your body recover from all of this new activity.
Question: The above-mentioned information is mainly about________.
分析： 例2中并没未出现明显的具有概括性的句子，它所呈现的信息看似散乱无章，但所有信息都围绕着一个隐藏的主题展开，即：保持健康的有效方法。所以，上述信息可归纳为： The above-mentioned information is mainly about the effective ways to keep fit.
策略：有时阅读材料中并不会直接出现主题句，这时就得对材料所呈现的信息进行抽象概括，所谓“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”说的就是要站得高一些，才能得其全貌并从语篇上驾驭文章。
例3： Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in. If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. If you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous person. If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced personality.
Question: What do you think is the best title of this passage?
A. Four different positions to sleep
B. Not all the people have two personalities
C. Inner self is similar to outer self
D. One’s different personalities
分析： 本文主要围绕个体性格的两面性，即显性性格和隐性性格来组织材料。前一部分为总述，后一部分主要说明不同睡姿体现出真实且极富差异的个性特征。A选项仅是用以支持“隐性性格”的细节，故不宜作标题；B项“并非每个人都具有双重性格”，这与文章首句相矛盾，是一个错误的表述；C项有悖于第一段中的描述。答案为D“个体性格表现的不同方式”，文章主要讨论了两种性格的表现方式。
策略： 标题主旨的选项特征为：正确选项通常能有效覆盖全文、内容全面、含义深刻且说明道理；错误选项通常表现为过度概括、以偏概全和表述错误。
例4： Today, China—which is roughly the same size as the United States—is almost one-quarter desert, and the desert is advancing at more than 1,300 square miles each year.
Entire villages in China’s north have been lost, submerged(浸没) in sand by the encroaching desert. The country’s State Forestry Administration estimates that desertification(沙漠化) affects 400 million Chinese, many of whom lose the ability to farm their land or graze their animals and join the ranks of the tens of millions of internal environmental refugees, who often move to the big cities in search of new homes and jobs.
The Yellow River, one of the world’s longest, supplies water to more than 150 million people and 15 percent of China’s agricultural land. Yet two-thirds of its water is considered unsafe to drink, and 10 percent is classified as sewage. In 2007, Chinese officials announced that over one-third of the fish species native to the Yellow River had become extinct due to damming or pollution.
Question: What’s the author’s purpose of writing this article?
A. To get the public to know how
desertification affects China.
B. To try to persuade people to save water.
C. To tell some facts about China’s
northern villages and the Yellow River.
D. To show his or her growing concern
over China’s environmental problems.
分析： 第一段说每年中国沙漠化程度都在加剧；第二段以中国北方的村镇为例说明沙漠化程度的具体表现；第三段说明了黄河受到的污染。作者写这篇文章的目的并不是单纯地让读者知道文中提到的这两个事例，而是想通过这些现象来说明中国现在面临的环境问题，以引发读者的思考。故答案为D。
策略：目的型主旨要义题通常有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是讲授某个道理，或是启发读者思考，而这些信息通常并不是明确地传达出来，而是隐含在材料之中。因此，读者要在对材料进行整体理解的基础上再去领会作者的言外之意，洞察其弦外之音。