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种群内部及之间遗传变异的分布模式称为物种的遗传种群结构。为避免遗传资源的损耗,可持续管理应当以对这一结构的认识为基础。在确定渔业管理的生物单位的情况时,我们讨论遗传种群结构的关键方面,提出了三种基本结构类型:独特种群、连续变化种群和无变异种群。结构类型决定遗传可持续管理中单位是如何被识别的。我们也将回顾目前瑞典波罗的海开采利用鱼类基因种群结构情况,并且得出结论:遗传信息对大多数物种而言是不足的。这是一个严重的问题,特别是考虑到几类商业性开采的鱼类种群正在衰退,有一些出现补充问题。对于6个物种,即大西洋鲱、大西洋鲑、河鳟、欧洲鳗鲡、大菱鲆、白斑狗鱼,目前有丰富的遗传资料至少可以为遗传结构生物的可持续利用和单位提供基本的信息。当前的管理实践并没有充分考虑这些信息。
The distribution pattern of genetic variation within and among populations is called the genetic population structure of the species. To avoid the erosion of genetic resources, sustainable management should be based on an understanding of this structure. In determining the status of biological units managed by fisheries, we discuss the key aspects of genetic herd structure and propose three basic types of structures: unique, continually changing, and herdless. The type of structure determines how units are identified in genetic sustainable management. We will also review the current Swedish population structure of the fish in the exploitation of the Baltic Sea and conclude that genetic information is inadequate for most species. This is a serious problem, especially given the fact that several commercially-exploited fish stocks are declining, with some of them having additional problems. For six species, namely Atlantic herring, Atlantic salmon, grayling, European anguilla, turbot, and pike, presently abundant genetic information at least provides basic information on the sustainable use of genetic structure organisms and units. Current management practices do not fully consider this information.