论文部分内容阅读
早在数十年前,科学家就已经了解到小簇原子(比如纳米粒子)与宏观大尺度相同物质的性质完全不同。譬如纳米金粒子能够催化化学反应,而大块的黄金则不能。基于半导体的纳米粒子,由于尺度上的微小变化会发出不同颜色的光。所以化学家提出各种方法合成多种纳米粒子(如图),也就不足为奇了。然而直到现在,他们也没有找到一个办法,能够系统地在纳米尺度上整合不同元素并测试最终效能。
As early as decades ago, scientists have learned that small clusters of atoms (such as nanoparticles) behave completely differently from macroscopic, large-scale, identical substances. For example, nano-gold particles can catalyze chemical reactions, while large pieces of gold can not. Semiconductor-based nanoparticles emit light of different colors due to small changes in scale. So it is not surprising that chemists have proposed various ways of synthesizing a variety of nanoparticles (pictured). However, until now, they have not found a way to systematically integrate different elements on the nanometer scale and test the final performance.