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美元跨境支付系统能够有效处理跨境美元交易,是全球重要的支付清算金融基础设施。危机后,该系统的适用规则更是不断升级、改进,在健全规则体系、定位系统运营机构“公众利益”法律地位、明确法定授权的监管机构的职责及“恢复与有序关闭”规则等方面都凸显先进性和前瞻性。相比之下,我国人民币跨境支付系统才上线,适用规则面临此类问题较严重。我国有必要借鉴美国规则,从提升支付清算规则位阶、构建结算最终性和轧差的法律;明确运营机构的法律身份、内部治理的公共性质;清晰中央银行、运营机构、利益相关者法定职责;设置专门的破产条款、破产标准、有序清算前置程序等方面予以完善,为国家战略实施和金融稳定提供强有力的金融基础设施支持。
The USD cross-border payment system can effectively handle cross-border USD transactions and is an important global payment and settlement financial infrastructure. After the crisis, the applicable rules of the system are constantly upgraded and improved. In order to perfect the system of rules, locate the legal position of the system operating agency “public interest ”, clarify the responsibilities of regulatory agencies authorized by statutory authority and Rules and other areas are prominent advanced and forward-looking. In contrast, China’s cross-border payment of RMB systems before the line, applicable rules are facing such problems more serious. It is necessary for our country to draw lessons from American rules, from raising the order of payment and settlement rules, establishing the law of final settlement and rolling difference, clarifying the legal identity of the operating organization and the public nature of internal governance, clarifying the statutory duties of central banks, operating agencies and stakeholders ; Set up special bankruptcy clauses, bankruptcy standards and orderly liquidation procedures to be improved, providing strong financial infrastructure support for the implementation of the national strategy and financial stability.