支气管-肺感染是呼吸衰竭最为常见的诱因,在某种条件下也可以是呼吸衰竭的后果。抗感染治疗是呼吸衰竭治疗的综合措施之一,在一定意义上说,是一种治本之法。一、支气管肺感染的病因学和病原学慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)是通气障碍型呼吸衰竭常见的病因,病史可长达几年至几十年。病程中可反复出现急性支气管-肺感染而诱发呼吸衰竭。空气中物理、化学因子长期刺激会使呼吸道粘液纤毛运载系统功能削弱;服用皮质激素和免疫抑制剂治疗的患者,肺巨噬细胞吞噬能力减弱;反复或长期应用广谱抗菌素导致呼吸道菌群失调。多种因素共同作用的结果使COPD患者呼吸道非特异及特异性防御功能受到损害,容易引起感染。肺 Bronchus-lung infection is the most common cause of respiratory failure and under certain conditions can also be a consequence of respiratory failure. Anti-infective therapy is one of the comprehensive measures for the treatment of respiratory failure, in a certain sense, is a method of permanent cure. First, the etiology and etiology of bronchial lung infection Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of respiratory failure respiratory failure, history can be up to several years to several decades. Acute bronchial-pulmonary infection may be recurrent respiratory failure during the course of the disease. Long-term stimulation of the physical and chemical factors in the air can weaken the function of the respiratory mucociliary delivery system. In patients treated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, phagocytosis of lung macrophages is weakened. Repeated or prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics leads to imbalance of respiratory flora. As a result of a combination of factors, respiratory nonspecific and specific defensive functions of COPD patients are compromised and easily lead to infection. lung