[目的]研究通过股骨头钻孔液氮冷冻法建立山羊股骨头坏死模型。[方法]12只山羊24髋随机法分配为实验组、对照组。实验组山羊采用股骨头钻孔液氮冷冻灌注法灌注山羊股骨头,对照组山羊采用股骨头钻孔灌注生理盐水法,术后80万IU青霉素连续抗感染3 d,干预2周后行影像学检查,分别行X线、三维CT、大体标本、组织学(HE染色)观察骨结构改变及空骨陷窝率,空骨陷窝率超过50%定义为骨坏死。[结果]山羊手术后完全苏醒后可完全负重站立行走。术后3 d山羊活动、饮食恢复至术前水平。术后山羊伤口干燥,未见明显渗血渗液以及炎症反应等。术后2周山羊X线及三维CT示:实验组股骨头骨小梁稀疏、钻孔通道周围可见明显骨质硬化;对照组骨小梁正常,钻孔通道周围未见骨质硬化。处死山羊后实验组与对照组标本大体形态未见明显改变,但实验组股骨头关节面软骨颜色变暗、光泽度下降。组织切片HE染色提示对照组空骨陷窝率(11.3±1.6)%<50%,实验组空骨陷窝率(59.2±5.2)%>50%,空骨陷窝率实验组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。股骨头坏死造模成功率91.67%(11/12)。[结论]股骨头钻孔液氮冷冻法可以成功建立山羊股骨头坏死模型,此法安全、简单易行、周期短、造模成功率高,为进一步研究股骨头坏死保头治疗提供有力的途径。 [Objective] The research aimed to establish a model of goat femoral head necrosis by liquid nitrogen freezing method of femoral head drilling. [Method] 24 goats of 12 goats were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, the goat femoral head was perforated by liquid nitrogen freezing perfusion with femoral head. The goats with the control group were perfused with femoral head by saline method. After continuous infection with 800 000 IU penicillin for 3 days, the imaging examination was performed 2 weeks after the intervention. X-ray, three-dimensional CT, gross specimen and histology (HE staining) were used to observe the change of bone structure and empty lacuna. The empty lacuna rate was defined as osteonecrosis. [Results] After the goats completely awake, they can walk completely with their weight bearing. After 3 days of goat activity, the diet returned to preoperative level. After the goat wound dry, no obvious bleeding exudate and inflammatory response. X-ray and three-dimensional CT images of goat two weeks after operation showed that the trabecular bone of the femoral skull was sparse in the experimental group, and the obvious osteoarthritis was observed in the surrounding of the drilling channel. The control group had normal trabecular bone and no bone sclerosis around the drilling channel. After the goat was sacrificed, the general morphology of the experimental group and the control group showed no significant changes, but the color of the cartilage of the femoral head articular surface of the experimental group became darker and the glossiness decreased. HE staining showed that the empty lacunae in the control group (11.3 ± 1.6)% <50%, the empty lacunae in the experimental group (59.2 ± 5.2)%> 50%, the empty lacunae in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control Group (P <0.05). The success rate of femoral head necrosis modeling was 91.67% (11/12). [Conclusion] The femoral head drilling fluid freezing method can successfully establish the model of goat femoral head necrosis. This method is safe, simple and easy to operate, has short cycle and high success rate of modeling. It provides a powerful way to further study the treatment of femoral head necrosis .