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整个物理学的发展史告诉我们,人类的物理知识来源于实践,特别是来源于科学实验的实践。演示实验是科学实验的一部分,是中学物理教学的重要手段,也是学生观察物理现象的重要源泉,是教师讲解物理概念和规律的基础,也是体现具体与抽象相统一的教学原则的主要方法。特别是一些重要的演示实验,对激发学生强烈的求知欲,引起他们浓厚的学习兴趣,调动其学习的积极性能起到不可忽视的作用,在教学中千万不可大意或随便应付。洛仑兹力演示器的使用就是一例。 洛仑兹力演示器的装置如高中物理课本第三册(选修)图7-18所示。由特制的电子射线管的电子枪发出的电子射线可以使管内的低压水银蒸气(或氢气)发出辉
The history of the development of physics tells us that human physical knowledge comes from practice, especially from scientific experiments. Demonstration experiment is a part of scientific experiment, it is an important means of physics teaching in middle school, it is also an important source for students to observe physical phenomena, it is the basis for teachers to explain the concept and laws of physics, and it is also the main method that embodies the concrete and abstract teaching principles. In particular, some important demonstration experiments have stimulated students’ strong desire for knowledge, aroused their strong interest in learning, and mobilized their active learning performance. They must not be neglected or dealt with in teaching. One example is the use of a Lorentz force demonstrator. The apparatus of the Lorentz Force demonstrator is shown in Figure 7-18 of the third volume (optional) of the High School Physics textbook. The electron beam emitted by the electron gun of a special electron tube can fluoresce the low-pressure mercury vapor (or hydrogen gas) inside the tube.