前言未熟儿娩出后最主要的死亡原因是由于肺不成熟发生的呼吸困难综合征(RDS)。研究表明,降低RDS发病率最主要的是在胎儿出生前准确地预测其成熟度,尽量避免未熟儿娩出。应用羊水试验预测胎儿各脏器成熟度的方法很多,其中以测肺成熟对降低围产儿死亡率提高存活率最为重要。表面活性物质与呼吸生理的关系Clements于1957年研究证实,肺泡在呼气时仍能保持开放状态,是因其表面存在一种可降低表面张力的“表面活性剂”(sur- Preface The most important cause of death after immature delivery is the dyspnoea syndrome (RDS) due to immature lungs. Studies have shown that the most important thing to reduce the incidence of RDS is to accurately predict the maturity of the fetus before birth, try to avoid immature childbirth. There are many ways to use amniotic fluid test to predict the maturity of various organs of the fetus, of which measuring lung maturity is the most important factor to reduce perinatal mortality and improve survival rate. The Relationship between Surfactant and Respiratory Physiology Clements’ study in 1957 confirmed that the alveoli remain open during expiration because of the presence of a sur- face on the surface that reduces the surface tension