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苏联在20世纪80年代末的解体,使超现实主义的共产主义经济体系出现了漏洞,从而给那些有头脑和有关系的人提供了空前的发财致富的机会。 米哈伊尔·霍多尔科夫斯基(Mikhail Khodorkovsky),一位共青团的活跃分子,利用了一个合法的漏洞,使他能把计划者和管理者所使用的非现金结算卢布变现,并且兑换成美元存在国外。 弗拉基米尔·波塔宁(VladimirPotanin),前苏联的一名高干子弟,通过一系列途径,有效地控制了一家国家银行。然后,每当金库没钱的时候,他就说服政府领导部门将钱存入他所控制的银行,从而为增加他的个人收入提供了相当多的机会。 亚历山大·斯莫伦斯基(Alexandez Smolensky),一个专为
The disintegration of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s brought loopholes in the surrealistic communist economy, giving unprecedented opportunities for rich people to get rich and fortune for those who have the brain and connections. Mikhail Khodorkovsky, an activist of the Communist Youth League, took advantage of a legitimate loophole that enabled him to liquidate the non-cash settled rubles used by planners and managers and Exchange into dollars exist abroad. Vladimir Potanin, a highborn child of the former Soviet Union, effectively controlled a national bank through a series of channels. Then, whenever the vault had no money, he persuaded the government leadership to deposit the money into the bank he controlled, thereby providing considerable opportunities for increasing his personal income. Alexandez Smolensky, one for