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李嘉图的比较利益学说是国际贸易的核心学说。但是,在国际贸易中不仅存在比较利益,而且还存在超比较利益。所谓超比较利益,是一国与另一国进行对方没有能力生产的商品的贸易所具有的利益,贸易双方在这种商品生产上相对成本的差异趋向于无穷。超比较利益主要产生于社会资源的特点,特别是产生于技术和技能的积累。超比较利益商品的国际价格与比较利益商品的国际价格不同,它主要采用寡头垄断的定价方式。通过分析超比较利益的新范畴、超比较利益产生的源泉以及超比较利益产品的定价方式,可以构建超比较利益学说。该学说对于理解国际贸易的现象以及制定对外经济发展战略具有重要意义。
Ricardo’s comparative interest theory is the core doctrine of international trade. However, there are not only comparative benefits but also super-comparative benefits in international trade. The so-called super-comparative advantage is the benefit of the trade between one country and another that does not have the ability to produce goods. The difference in relative costs between the two parties in the production of such goods tends to be infinite. Super comparative advantage mainly arises from the characteristics of social resources, especially arising from the accumulation of technology and skills. The international price of ultra-comparative goods is different from the international prices of comparatively-favored goods. It mainly uses the oligopoly pricing method. By analyzing the new category of super-comparative advantage, comparing the sources of generating benefits and the pricing methods of super-comparative products, we can construct the super-comparative benefit theory. This theory is of great significance for understanding the phenomenon of international trade and for formulating strategies for foreign economic development.