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中国人物画的缘起最早从先民在远古岩画上写就的人物、新石器时代的舞蹈纹和人物装饰纹开始,其现实主义和传统笔墨精神的高峰在唐宋时期,而写实、写真高峰到明清时期始显。在文人艺术发达,山水画和花鸟画成为美术史的主流时,中国人物画在民间、宫廷和宗教艺术方面依然大规模地发展。所以,以陈洪绶和“沪上三任”为代表的明清人物画家大多带有明显的市井倾向,作品继续保有民间文化和现实主义的滋养。
The origins of Chinese figure painting started from the figures written by ancient people on ancient rock paintings, the Neolithic dance patterns and decorative figures. The peak of realism and traditional brushwork spirit came in the Tang and Song Dynasties, but the realistic and pictorial peak reached Ming and Qing Dynasties began to show. As literati art developed, landscape paintings and bird and flower painting became the mainstream of art history, Chinese figure painting still developed on a large scale in folk, court and religious art. Therefore, most Ming and Qing figure painters represented by Chen Hongshou and “Shanghai San Ren” have obvious market tendencies and their works continue to retain the nourishment of folk culture and realism.