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一、概述土壤有机质既是植物矿质营养和有机营养的源泉,又是土壤中异养型微生物的能源物质同,同时也是形成土壤结构的重要因素.土壤有机质在微生物的作用下,进行着深刻复杂的转化.这种转化可归结为两个对立过程,既有机质的矿质化过程的腐殖化过程.这两个过程是不可侵害和互相联系的,随条件的改变而互相转化.矿质化过程:就是有机质被分解成简单的无机化合物,如:CO_2、H_2O和NH_3等.腐殖化过程:就是生成新的、较稳定的大分子的、复杂的化合物(腐殖质),它是土壤所特有的.具体地讲,土壤腐殖是有机质的主要成分,在一般土壤动植物残体物质,也是一种成分复杂,性质稳定的特殊高分子有机化合物.它与矿物质土粒紧密结合,不能机械方法分离,通常情况下带负电荷,它是一种亲水胶体,可以通过干燥
I. Overview Soil organic matter is not only the source of plant mineral nutrition and organic nutrition, but also the energy substance of heterotrophic microorganisms in the soil, which is also an important factor in the formation of soil structure.The soil organic matter under the action of microorganisms is deeply complex Transformation .This transformation can be attributed to the two opposite processes, both the humification of organic mineralization process.These two processes are invulnerable and interrelated, with the change of conditions and mutual transformation.Mining process: that is Organic matter is decomposed into simple inorganic compounds such as CO 2, H 2 O and NH 3, etc. The humification process is the generation of new, more stable macromolecules, complex compounds (humus), which are soil-specific Soil humus is the main component of organic matter in the soil and animal plant debris in general, but also a complex composition, the nature of a special stable organic polymer compounds. It is closely integrated with mineral soil particles can not be separated by mechanical methods, Usually negatively charged, it is a hydrophilic colloid that can be dried