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吸入棉尘所引起的职业性肺部疾患，国外患病率为1.5～67.6％。我国近年对一些棉纺厂棉尘症调查，检出率一般较低，往往不超过5％，与欧美报道不一致，与日本报道1.4～5.5％相接近。在我国棉尘对工人健康的影响主要表现为棉尘症，而不称棉尘肺（Byssinosis）。笔者通过对永川县絮褥厂的调查，以阐明棉尘对工人主观症状、肺通气功能及X线胸片改变的影响，为制订棉尘症的诊断标准提供参考。
Inhalation of cotton dust caused by occupational lung disease, foreign prevalence rate of 1.5 to 67.6%. In recent years, the survey of cotton dust in some cotton spinning factories in our country shows that the detection rate is generally low, often less than 5%, inconsistent with that of the European and American reports, which is close to 1.4-5.5% reported by Japan. The impact of cotton dust on workers’ health in our country is mainly cotton dust disease, but not the Byssinosis. The author through the investigation of Yongchuan battleship factory to clarify the impact of cotton dust on the subjective symptoms of workers, pulmonary ventilation and X-ray changes, to provide a reference for the development of diagnostic criteria for cotton dust disease.