一、前言正确地设计及计算铸件的浇冒口是一个较为复杂的问题,因为影响浇冒口设计的因素很多,如:金属材料的铸造性能、铸型的性质、浇注工艺、浇注温度、铸件结构和热节形状等。为了提高浇冒口设计的精确性,保证铸件的质量,提高工艺出品率及降低表本,人们研究出多种半经验半理论计算方法,如模数法、比例法、补缩液量法和缩管法等。一般认为模数法的科学根据较为充足,由此法所得的结果较能接近生产实际。R.Wlodawer,J.B.Caine等根据铸件模数法,提出了较为符合生产实际的浇冒口设计方法。近年来,用诺谟图来设计浇冒口,比前人的计方法更 I. INTRODUCTION Correctly designing and calculating the pouring riser of castings is a complicated issue because many factors affect the design of pouring risers, such as the casting performance of metal materials, the nature of the casting mold, the pouring process, the pouring temperature, the casting Structure and hot section shape. In order to improve the accuracy of pouring riser design, to ensure the quality of castings, improve process yield and reduce the table, people have developed a variety of semi-empirical semi-theoretical methods, such as modulus method, the proportion method, fluid volume method and Shrink tube method. It is generally considered that the scientific basis of modulo law is more adequate, and the result obtained by this method is closer to the actual production. R.Wlodawer, J.B.Caine, etc. according to the casting modulus method, put forward more in line with the actual production of Riser design. In recent years, with the nomogram to design pouring riser, more than the predecessor of the meter method