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Introduction:Thermal power plants are very popular in China.However,there has not been proportional research attention paid to production risk in these plants and human impact on production due to their importance in electricity generation.This study investigates production risks caused by human factors in thermal power plants and management methods to address identified human factors.Case description:Eighteen semi-structured interviews with front-line,middle and senior managers from four thermal power plants in China were carried out in this cross-sectional inductive study.Fault tree analysis and causal network analysis are used.Discussion and evaluation:We identify a range of production risks and human factors potentially influencing production in both negative and positive ways.We also recognize the most effective and practical relevant management methods to deal with identified human factors.Conclusion:By investigating production risk caused by human factors through the whole production process,this study emphasizes working attitude,safety consciousness,creativity and awareness of environmental protection as essential human factors potentially influencing production risks in thermal power plants.Through our analysis,by linking human factors to different types of production risk and supplying corresponding management methods to address these human factors,we offer practical human resource management approaches in the production management of thermal power plants.