一、引言空气弹簧从十九世纪中期诞生以来,经历了一个世纪的发展,到二十世纪五十年代才被应用在载重车、小轿车、大客车及铁道车辆上。到1964年,西德生产的55种大、中型公共汽车中,已有38种使用了空气弹簧悬架。目前,各国的旅游车、长途客车及高速客车几乎全部使用空气弹簧悬架。部分轿车也有使用空气弹簧悬架的,如西德的本茨(Denz)300SE 和本茨600。另外,美国的奇姆西(GMC)公司在1958年就生产了装有空气弹簧悬架的牵引 I. INTRODUCTION Since its birth in the middle of the nineteenth century, air springs have experienced a century of development and were not applied to trucks, sedans, buses and railway vehicles until the 1950s. By 1964, 38 of the 55 large and medium-sized buses produced in West Germany used air spring suspension. At present, nearly all of the coaches, long-distance buses and high-speed buses in various countries use air spring suspension. Some cars also have air spring suspension, such as West Germany’s Denz 300SE and Benz 600. In addition, the United States, Kym West (GMC) company in 1958 produced a traction with air spring suspension