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土壤碳固定问题已成为陆地生态系统碳循环研究的热点问题。土壤碳固定是缓解温室效应加剧的有效方法之一。土壤有机碳含量变化受土地利用方式和耕作措施的强烈影响。将自然土壤转变为耕作土壤会导致土壤碳库的迅速下降,使土壤损失有机碳4.1-5.0×1013kg之间。采用新的农业措施会使碳损失量的60-70%重新被固定。这些措施有保护性耕作(少耕或免耕)、合理施用肥料、覆盖作物、应用深根且富含木质素的作物等。土壤除了固定有机碳外,干旱和半干旱地区土壤还具有固定无机碳的巨大潜力。文章还简要介绍了评价土壤有机碳的两种方法,并对今后的工作提出了几点建议。
Soil carbon fixation has become a hot issue in the study of carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil carbon fixation is one of the effective ways to mitigate the greenhouse effect. The change of soil organic carbon content is strongly influenced by land use patterns and tillage practices. Transforming natural soils into cultivated soils results in a rapid decline in soil carbon stocks, resulting in a soil loss of between 4.1-5.0 × 1013 kg organic carbon. The introduction of new agricultural measures will re-establish 60-70% of the carbon loss. These measures include conservation tillage (tillage or no tillage), rational application of fertilizers, crop cover, application of deep roots and lignin-rich crops. Soils In addition to fixing organic carbon, soils in arid and semi-arid regions have great potential for fixing inorganic carbon. The article also briefly introduced two methods of evaluating soil organic carbon and made some suggestions for future work.