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灾害损失评估是灾害风险管理、科学防灾减灾规划的基础。除了直接经济损失外,间接经济损失是反映灾害影响强度及社会经济系统脆弱性的重要指标。经济越发达,经济系统关联程度越高,经济系统的脆弱性就越大,灾害间接经济影响也越大。已有研究表明,灾害间接经济损失往往与直接经济损失为同一量级,甚至是直接经济损失的数倍。间接经济损失评估是科学评价灾害影响不可或缺的组成部分,其中,产业部门间接经济损失和灾后恢复重建期的评估,可以为灾后恢复重建决策和防灾减灾规划提供有效的决策工具。政府决策者、学术界应重视灾害,特别是重大灾害(或巨灾)对地区经济长期可持续发展可能造成的影响,从而为减轻灾害的影响做好充分准备。
Disaster damage assessment is the basis of disaster risk management and scientific disaster prevention and reduction planning. In addition to direct economic losses, indirect economic losses are an important indicator of the intensity of disasters and the vulnerability of socio-economic systems. The more developed the economy, the higher the degree of economic system connection, the greater the vulnerability of economic systems and the greater the indirect economic impact of disasters. Studies have shown that the indirect economic losses of disasters are often the same order of magnitude as the direct economic losses, even several times more than the direct economic losses. Indirect economic loss assessment is an indispensable component of scientific evaluation of disaster impacts. Among them, indirect economic losses in industrial sectors and post-disaster reconstruction period can provide effective decision-making tools for disaster recovery and reconstruction planning and disaster prevention and mitigation planning. Government policymakers and academics should pay attention to the potential impact of disasters, especially major disasters (or catastrophes), on the long-term sustainable development of the local economy so as to fully prepare for the mitigation of the impact of disasters.