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自1980年湖南医学院学者尝试从马王堆汉代古人类遗存获取核酸分子开始,古DNA研究至今已经历了35年时间.近年来,随着高通量测序技术平台的开发应用及对小片段古DNA分子捕获能力的加强,古DNA研究走出了单纯依靠线粒体基因组及少量核基因的时代,在全基因组测序方面取得重要突破,古基因组数据在人类起源、大型绝灭哺乳动物的迁移演化、动植物家养驯化过程及其对人类社会生活模式的启示、生物与环境的相互关系等诸多方面发挥了独特作用.本文以第二代测序技术问世之后古DNA研究流程为主线,系统回顾古DNA各阶段的进展以及近年来取得的突破,阐明古DNA数据的应用领域,并基于现有研究实例对古DNA将来可能的发展前景提出展望.
Since 1980, when scholars from Hunan Medical College attempted to obtain nucleic acid molecules from ancient human remains in the Mawangdui Han Dynasty, ancient DNA research has been going on for 35 years. In recent years, with the development and application of high-throughput sequencing technology platform and small fragments Ancient DNA molecules capture the ability of ancient DNA research out of a simple reliance on the mitochondrial genome and a small amount of nuclear genes in the era of genome-wide sequencing has made important breakthroughs in ancient genome data in human origin, large extinct mammals migration evolution, dynamic Plant domestication process and its enlightenment on the human social life style, the relationship between biological and environmental and other aspects play a unique role.In this paper, the second generation sequencing technology after the advent of ancient DNA research process as the main line, a systematic review of ancient DNA in all stages The progress made in recent years and the breakthroughs made in recent years to clarify the application field of ancient DNA data and to put forward the prospect of the possible future development of ancient DNA based on the existing research examples.