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著名社会学家、人类学家和社会活动家。江苏吴江人。1930年起入燕京大学、清华大学社会学系学习，师从吴文藻等先生。1936年秋入英国伦敦政治经济学院攻读人类学，师从马林诺斯基，获哲学博士学位。1938年回国后，任教于云南大学、西南联大。1945年任清华大学社会学教授，后出任清华大学校务委员会委员、副教务长。新中国成立后，出任中央民族学院副院长、国务院专家局副局长、国家民族事务委员会副主任：1980年出任中国社会科学院社会学研究所所长：1985年起任北京大学社会学人类学研究所所长、教授。曾担任民盟中央主席、全国政协副主席、全国人大常务委员会副委员长等职务。在社会学与人类学研究中。高度关注“三农”问题；主张发展乡村工业和区域经济，走有中国特色的城镇化道路；曾提出“生育制度理论、差序格局”理论、“中华民族多元一体格局”理论、“各美其美，天下大同的社会和谐思想等一系列极富中国学派特点的思想与理论。注重实地调查，行行重行行。由于在社会学、人类学研究中的杰出成就，曾获得马林诺斯基应用人类学奖、英国皇家人类学会赫胥黎奖章等多项国际荣誉。16卷本《费孝通文集》，是中国社会学与人类学研究的一项标志性成果。
Famous sociologist, anthropologist and social activist. Wujiang, Jiangsu Province. From 1930 into Yanjing University, Tsinghua University Department of Sociology to learn, under the teacher Wu Wenzao. In the fall of 1936, he studied anthropology at the London School of Economics and Political Science and studied under the PhD from Malinowski. After returning to China in 1938, he taught at Yunnan University and Southwest United University. 1945 professor of sociology of Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University later served as a member of the school council, deputy provost. After the founding of New China, he served as vice president of the Central University for Nationalities, deputy director of the State Council Expert Committee, deputy director of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission: 1980, Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Director: 1985 Peking University sociological anthropology Director, Professor. Served as chairman of the Central League of the League, vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC duties. In sociology and anthropology research. Pay close attention to the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”; advocate the development of rural industry and regional economy and follow the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics; put forward the theories of “fertility system theory and difference order pattern” and the theory of “the pluralistic unity of the Chinese nation” The United States, the world harmony philosophy and a series of very rich thoughts and theories of the Chinese school characteristics. Pay attention to the field survey, go all out .As a result of outstanding achievements in sociology, anthropology, has won the Malinuo Si The Anthropology Award for Applied Anthropology, the Huxley Medal of the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain, etc. 16 The volume “Fei Xiaotong Literary Collections” is a landmark achievement in the study of Chinese sociology and anthropology.