当前,科学就某种意义来说正处于一个转折时期。这种转折的标志之一就是研究人员的人数已逐渐停止增长,而代之以素质的提高。这样,素质的提高应沿着什么方向发展——这个问题就必然会成为整个科学政策中的关键问题。系统方法是从两个方面——即从某个系统的构成元件和从其作为一个具有内部结构的独立系统——来研究每一客观对象。与此相适应,科研政策也必须解决两个课题:即“外部问题”和“内部问题”。 At present, science is in a turning point for a certain meaning. One of the signs of this turning point is that the number of researchers has gradually stopped growing and replaced by improvement in quality. In this way, the quality improvement should be along the direction of development - this issue is bound to become the key issue in the entire science policy. The systematic approach is to study each objective object from two aspects, namely, the constituent elements of a system and the independent system from which it is an internal structure. In line with this, scientific research policies must also solve two problems: “external problems” and “internal problems.”