近几十年来,随着工业的迅速发展,尤其是石油开发、石油运输,以及其他石油工业的发展,海洋污染日趋严重。因此,检测海洋的油污染问题,引起了世界各国的普遍重视。特别是海滨、海湾及近海石油污染源的鉴别,对海域的环境保护具有十分重要的意义。目前鉴定油污染源的指标和方法,各不相同。有红外吸收光谱法,钒镍比值、硫的百分比,紫外吸收法,萤光光度法,内部反射光谱法,气相色谱法,薄层色谱法,以及其他物理化学法,如相对密度、粘度、皂化值等。物理化学法,如粘度、密度等受油性质改变而改变,尤其是油样在海水中长期漂浮后, In recent decades, with the rapid development of industry, especially the development of oil, oil transportation and the development of other petroleum industries, the marine pollution has become increasingly serious. Therefore, testing the oil pollution in the oceans has aroused the universal attention of all countries in the world. In particular, the identification of oil pollution sources at seaside, bay and offshore areas is of great significance to the environmental protection in the sea area. The current identification of oil pollution indicators and methods vary. There are infrared absorption spectrometry, vanadium-nickel ratio, the percentage of sulfur, ultraviolet absorption method, fluorescence spectrophotometry, internal reflection spectroscopy, gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and other physicochemical methods such as relative density, viscosity, saponification Value and so on. Physical and chemical methods, such as viscosity, density and other changes in the nature of the oil change, especially in the long-term floating in the sea water,