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19世纪90年代前后,中国政局交织着封建统治势力、帝国主义侵略势力和人民群众斗争势力三者之间的复杂关系和多重纠葛。庚子年间,八国联军侵华,清政府“宣战”,义和团抵抗,正是这种矛盾在一定条件下不可调和的产物。多年来,史学界对八国联军侵华之际,清朝统治集团内部主战与主和争论,进行了多方研究和考证,但评判不一,分岐甚大。一种观点以光绪皇帝的变法壮举所慰籍,加上对慈禧太后签订《辛丑条约》的愤怒,因而褒帝贬后。另一种观点则从近代反帝角度,基本肯定以慈禧为首
Before and after the 1890s, the political situation in China intertwined with the complicated relations and multiple disputes among the feudal and the imperialist aggressors and the masses of the people in the struggle for power. During the years of Gengzang, the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China and the Qing Government declared “war of resistance” and resistance of the Boxer Rebellion were exactly the irreconcilable products of such contradictions under certain conditions. Over the years, historians and scholars have carried out multi-party research and research on the main battle and main issues and controversies within the ruling circles of the Qing dynasty at the time of the Eight-Power Allied Forces’ invasion of China. A view from the emperor of the Guangxu feat of comfort, coupled with Empress Dowager Cixi signed “Xin Chou treaty” anger, so commendable Emperor derogatory. Another point of view from the modern anti-imperialist perspective, the basic affirmation Empress led