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为探索驾驶员危险知觉在驾驶行为评估、驾驶训练和驾照考试方面的应用,提高道路交通安全性,基于反应时测量技术,国外开发了驾驶员危险知觉测试(HPT)。通过回顾危险知觉测试的发展过程,介绍基于驾驶模拟器、基于动态交通视频片段和基于静态交通图片等的3种应用较广泛的标准化HPT。分析结果表明,不同HPT在测试中各有优缺点,并出现相互结合的趋势。总体上,HPT具有测试内容科学化、标准化,测试过程规范化、简约化,测试结果应用商品化3个特点;但HPT在测试内容选取、个体差异影响的控制和危险预期线索控制3个方面尚存在不足。
In order to explore the application of driver’s perception of danger in driving behavior assessment, driving training and driver’s license test to improve road traffic safety, a driver’s hazard awareness test (HPT) was developed abroad based on reaction time measurement technology. By reviewing the development of hazard perception testing, we present three widely used standardized HPTs based on driving simulators, dynamic traffic video clips, and static traffic images. The analysis results show that different HPTs have their own advantages and disadvantages in the test, and the trend of combining with each other appears. In general, HPT has three features: scientific content test, standardization, normalization and simplification of testing process, and commercialization of test results. However, there are still three aspects of HPT in the selection of test content, the control of individual differences and the cue control of danger expectation insufficient.