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通过实地调查与试验分析,研究了松花江干流四种珍贵树种阔叶林的土壤水文特性。结果表明:(1)四种阔叶林枯落物储量为25.88～48.81thm-2,大小顺序为糠椴次生林、蒙古栎次生林、水曲柳山杨林与胡桃楸混交林。枯落物持水量为83.1～120.1thm-2,大小顺序为糠椴次生林、水曲柳山杨林、蒙古栎次生林与胡桃楸混交林。(2)0～10cm土层有机质含量最高为水曲柳山杨林,其次为糠椴次生林,然后为胡桃楸混交林,最低为蒙古栎次生林;10～20cm土层有机质含量最高为水曲柳山杨林,其次为糠椴次生林,然后为胡桃楸混交林,最低为蒙古栎次生林;平均土壤有机质含量为55.54～90.59gkg-1,最高为水曲柳山杨林,其次为糠椴次生林,然后为胡桃楸混交林,最低为蒙古栎次生林。(3)土壤最大蓄水量高低顺序为水曲柳山杨林(3184.31thm-)2、糠椴次生林(3049.71thm-)2、胡桃楸混交林(2981.30thm-)2与蒙古栎次生林(2693.50thm-2)。(4)四种阔叶林的土壤平均渗透系数皆小于9mmmin-1,土壤渗透性能以糠椴次生林为最好。(5)综合枯落物持水能力、土壤持水能力和渗透性能评出松花江干流四种珍贵树种阔叶林的土壤水文特性优劣顺序为:水曲柳山杨林、糠椴次生林、胡桃楸混交林与蒙古栎次生林。
Through field investigation and experimental analysis, the soil hydrological characteristics of four species of hardwood forests in Songhuajiang River were studied. The results showed that: (1) The reserves of the four broad-leaved forest litters were 25.88 ~ 48.81thm-2, and the order of the order was Tilia mandshurica secondary forest, Quercus mongolica secondary forest, Fraxinus mandshurica forest and Juglans mandshurica forest. The water holding capacity of litter was 83.1 ~ 120.1thm-2, and the order of the litter size was secondary forest of Tilia mandshurica, mixed forest of Quercus mongolica and Juglans mandshurica. (2) The highest content of organic matter in 0 ~ 10cm soil layer was the Fraxinus mandshurica forest followed by Tilia mandshurica mixed forest and then with Juglans mandshurica mixed forest, the lowest was Quercus mongolica secondary forest. The highest organic matter content in the soil layers of 10-20cm soil depth was Fraxinus mandshurica Followed by Tilia mandshurica mixed forest, the lowest is Quercus mongolica secondary forest; the average soil organic matter content is 55.54-90.59gkg-1, the highest is the Fraxinus mandshurica forest, followed by the secondary forest Branches, then the walnut Lumber mixed forest, the lowest for the Mongolian oak secondary forest. (3) The order of the maximum soil water storage was the order of Yangling (2184.31thm-) 2, Tilia mandshurica (3049.71thm-) 2, Juglans mandshurica mixed forest (2981.30thm-) 2 and Quercus mongolica secondary forest (2693.50thm-) -2). (4) The mean permeability coefficient of soil in the four broad-leaved forests was less than 9 mm min-1, and the soil permeability was the best in secondary forest of Tilia mandshurica. (5) The results showed that the sequence of soil hydrological characteristics of broad-leaved forest was as follows: Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia mandshurica secondary forest, walnut Lumber mixed forest and Quercus mongolica secondary forest.