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目的回顾性评价上海市长宁区人工流产门诊未婚妇女安全套的使用情况,探究影响其安全套使用的态度、认识和社会文化因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,对400名2013年4月至6月期间,在长宁区妇幼保健院人工流产门诊进行人工流产的未婚妇女,进行一对一问卷调查。结果 400名调查对象中41.75%曾有流产史,有流产史者既往平均流产次数为(1.57±0.866)次,54%的受访者首选安全套作为其避孕方法。高学历受访者选择安全套作为其首选避孕方式的比例,要高于中低学历受访者,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.65,P=0.017);年龄≤25岁的受访者将安全套作为其首选避孕方式的比例更高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.62,P=0.08)。在安全套使用上,42.75%的受访者最后3次性行为均未使用安全套。半数左右的受访者不会主动与性伴谈论关于使用安全套的话题,性伴不愿使用安全套时仍能坚持使用的受访者仅有18.75%。19.75%的受访者不会尝试说服性伴使用安全套,经过劝说能成功说服对方使用安全套仅有63.0%的受访者。愿意主动与性伴谈论使用安全套的话题,性伴不愿意时仍能坚持使用安全套的非婚女性,使用安全套的概率较高,比值比(OR)分别为1.603和2.973。同时感到说服对方使用安全套有困难的非婚女性,也更有可能不使用安全套(OR=0.493)。结论非婚女性对安全套使用的自主性、坚持性和说服技巧,会影响其安全套的使用情况。在今后针对非婚女性的安全套推广中,应加强这方面的宣传教育,提升其自我效能,从而提高安全套使用率,降低流产率,预防性传播疾病的发生。
Objective To retrospectively evaluate the use of condoms of unmarried women at the abortion clinic in Changning District of Shanghai and explore the attitudes, awareness and socio-cultural factors that affect their use of condoms. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the one-to-one questionnaire survey on 400 unmarried women who had induced abortion at the MCH abortion clinic in Changning District from April 2013 to June 2013. Results 41.75% of the 400 subjects had an abortion history, the average abortion history of abortion history was (1.57 ± 0.866) times, and 54% of respondents preferred condoms as their method of contraception. The proportion of highly educated respondents who chose condoms as their preferred method of contraception was higher than that of secondary and lower education students (χ2 = 5.65, P = 0.017). The respondents aged <25 years old had condoms As a higher proportion of their preferred methods of contraception, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.62, P = 0.08). In condom use, 42.75% of respondents did not use condoms for the last three sexes. About half of respondents did not take the initiative to talk with their partners about the use of condoms topics, sexual partners do not want to use condoms when they insist on only 18.75% of respondents. 19.75% of respondents will not try to persuade their partners to use condoms, persuading them to persuade each other to use condoms only 63.0% of respondents. Willingness to talk with partners on the topic of condom use, non-married women who can consistently use condoms when their partners are unwilling to do so, and high probability of using condoms with ORs of 1.603 and 2.973, respectively. At the same time, they feel more likely to persuade each other to use condoms than non-married women and are more likely not to use condoms (OR = 0.493). Conclusions The self-determination, persistence and persuasion skills of non-married women on the use of condoms may affect their condom use. In the future promotion of condoms for non-married women, publicity and education in this area should be strengthened to enhance their self-efficacy so as to increase the rate of condom use, reduce the rate of miscarriage and prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.